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Written Standard Operating Procedures, or SOP for short, must be developed and made available for anyone working with a particularly hazardous substance (PHS) or performing a procedure that poses a serious risk of injury or harmful exposure.  The SOP describes how to handle a hazardous material safely, including the amount and concentration of material you will use, how you obtain or create the working solution, special handling & storage procedures, engineering controls, personal protective equipment, waste disposal considerations, and emergency procedures in the event of an accident or spill.  The SOP must be read and signatures documented by all personnel who may be exposed to the hazardous situation. 

A Particularly Hazardous Substance (PHS) is defined as a select carcinogen, reproductive toxin, pyrophoric, water reactive, explosive, or acutely toxic material.

SOP Templates

For your convenience, SOP templates for some commonly used particularly hazardous chemicals and a general SOP template are available to download.  The templates must be completed by the lab PI/Supervisor to include lab specific information, actual procedures used, and must be read and signed by the lab personnel.  The SOP is used as documentation of lab specific training and should be available for review during safety inspections.

To download the templates, access the .  Please contact the Laboratory Safety Officer to request an additional SOP template for a specific chemical or procedure.

• Specific chemical - use this template to document the safety considerations and procedures when using a specific particularly hazardous chemical (i.e. chemical reaction involving benzene).
• Class of chemical - use this template to document the safety considerations and general working procedures for a similar class of chemical (i.e. highly corrosive, carcinogens, reproductive toxins, etc.).
• General procedure - use this template to document the safety considerations and procedures for a specific procedure that uses high-risk chemicals or hazardous equipment that poses the risk for serious injury.

High risk procedures are those which are likely to require engineering controls beyond those found in the standard laboratory.  These include the use of chemicals or toxins which require medical surveillance, vaccination, special antidotes, or exposure monitoring, and operations that pose significant risk of fire, explosion, or exposure to personnel if a malfunction were to occur (utility outage, runaway reaction, broken container, or chemical spill). 

Contact the Safety and Risk Management Office (828-227-7443) if you have questions regarding High Risk Procedures or if you need to obtain permission for any of the following:

• Large quantities of liquid nitrogen or other cryogens which could deplete oxygen in the air. Large quantities would be more than one freezer and one attached Dewar per room, filling a cryocart or cooler, or liquid nitrogen (or other cryogen) piped in from a tank located outside the building.
• Heat concentrated perchloric acid (requires a perchloric acid approved fume hood).
• Use pyrophoric gases or other reactive Particularly Hazardous Substances (PHS).
• Use hydrofluoric acid or other chemicals for which an antidote or specific first-aid treatment is required.
• Use formaldehyde at the level which may require exposure monitoring or respirator use.
• Create or synthesize nanomaterials.
• Use botulinum toxin, tetanus toxin, or other toxins for which vaccination is recommended.
• Perform a procedure or use other equipment that is likely to require engineering controls beyond those found in the standard laboratory.